Calling Card Site Alleges DMCA Violations by Competitor Site -- Chilling Effects Clearinghouse

Recipient Information:
User Support, DMCA Complaints
Google, Inc.
Mountain View, CA, USA

03-08-2005
Attn: User Support, DMCA complaints
Recently I have faxed you guys a copyright infringement issue, and its details, and you guys have removed the copyright infringing web pages from your database, I have received the confirmation of the resolution of the issue through e-mail.

I have recently did a query search on google.com regarding this website, to see what pages could have been left on the google database that this website www.prepaidtelecomhq.com has pages of, that are copied from the pages of www.zscomm.com, and I have found a quite a few pages still existing on your database, a couple hundred of them. I am giving my search details, my statement of good faith, the details of the copyright infringement and the web pages below.

The search I did on google.com was (site:www.prepaidtelecomhq.com) which shows me the list of pages the specific website has on google.com database. I have spent extensive hours - couple of days - to go through each and every single page that has copied the pages from my website www.zscomm.com

The list of web pages below are the additional web pages that I have found out (these pages listed below are not the pages that I have sent the request about initially last week, these are completely new page extensions that exist on your database, and thus the copyright infringing website (www.prepaidtelecomhq.com) has copied from my website (www.zscomm.com)

I will be glad if you guys can have a look at this issue and remove the pages listed below from your database. This website out of nowhere has given me additional work load and copied my pages for its own benefit, it also seems to me that the website www.prepaidtelecomhq.com is an affiliate website of another, in the country pages it directs the visitor to another website when the user follows buy phone card from our partner link.

I sincerely thank you for your previous efforts on this issue, and will be glad and thankful for your continuing efforts.

I am the owner of www.zscomm.com and the webmaster of the website www.zscomm.com I have dedicated days and months of my time to create a website that sells phone cards to consumers online. The website has been in business for 3 years.
I recently have found out that another website has copied my "text" on hundreds of pages in my website and used my copyrighted text on his/her website.
The copyright infringing website is www.prepaidtelecomhq.com and the infringement occurs in its web pages. Please see the list of all the web pages that has copied my text from my web pages and posted them as his/her.
I have created individual pages for each of the country that exist in the world and each of these pages have explanatory text and the phone card rates to that specific country. Ex: www.zscomm.com/albania.htm shows the phone cards for Albania, and etc.

The infringing website www.prepaidtelecomhq.com also has created pages for each country.
On my country pages (ex:Albania.htm, Algeria.htm etc.) I use a special text that is uniform and explain the page details to the visitors.
The text on all of the country web pages is as follows:
Text1: "Check out the lowest calling cards rates and phone cards rates below. Click on the calling card name for more details and to purchase. We provide the rates of all of the phone cards to specific countries for convenience."
And
Text2: "ZS Comm is providing you the international prepaid phone cards to call to "country name", and "country name" calling cards. With more than 50 prepaid calling card online you will
be able to get the cheapest calling card rates to call "country name", with "country name" phone cards and "country name" calling cards, we provide the high quality online calling card rates with high quality long distance calls from USA. Please browse the table below for all of the prepaid
phone card rates to call "country name", and then click on the name of the international calling card to get more details, and buy. "
The infringing website www.prepaidtelecomhq.com has used the following texts that have been copied from my web pages on his/her web pages (country name extensions)

Text1: "Check out the lowest phone cards rates and calling card rates below. Click on the phone card name for more information. We provide the rates of all of the phone cards to specific countries."

Text2: "Prepaid Telecom HQ is dedicate to provide the largest collection of the international prepaid phone cards and prepaid calling card to call to Algeria. More than 500 prepaid phone card in our database, you will be able to get the cheapest phone card rates to call Algeria, with Algeria phone cards and Algeria calling cards, we offer the cheapest rates, price and quality long distance calls from USA. Please browse the phone cards below for the prepaid phone card rates to call Algeria, and then click on the name of the international calling card to get more details. "
As you can see clearly from the above information
Text 1 of my website has been copied almost without any changes directly to www.prepaidtelecomhq.com country pages. And on text2 you can see most of the sentences are identical.
Below I have listed all of the pages that show the copyright infringement that was done by the owner of www.prepaidtelecomhq.com webmaster/owner. The total list is about 18 pages, and consist of a few hundred individual pages. Contact information for www.prepaidtelecomhq.com on
their website is listed as support@prepaidtelecomhq.com. My contact information is listed at the end of my statement.
I would be glad if you guys can remove these pages from your search engine database as it is clearly a violation of copyright laws. Your quick action on this issue is highly appreciated.
I have a good faith belief that use of the copyrighted materials described above on the allegedly infringing webpages is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law.
I swear, under penalty of perjury consistent with United States Code Title 17, Section 512, that the information in the notification is accurate and that I am the copyright owner or am authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed.
My Name: [Private]
My Address: [Private]
Plano, TX 75093
My phone: 817-[Private]
My e-mail: [Private]@zscomm.com or [Private]@rocketmail.com
Signature: /[Private]/
The following web pages still exist in your servers.
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/brazil.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/brazil_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.corn/brazil_3.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/brazil_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/brazil_5.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/brazil_6.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/brazil_7.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/brazil.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/brazilcell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhg.com/brazilcell_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/brazilcell_3 shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/brazilcell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/bulgaria_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/bulgaria_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/bulgaria_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/bulgaria_5.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/bulgaria.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/bulgariacell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/bulgariacell_2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/bulgariacell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/sofia.shtml
http://www prepaidtelecomhq.com/sofia2.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/sofia_3 shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/bulgaria-sofia.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/burundi_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/burundi.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/cambodia_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/cambodia_3.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/cambodia_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/cambodia_5.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/cambodia.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/camerooncell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/camerooncell_2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/camerooncell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/canada_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/canada_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/canada_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/canada_5.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomha.com/canada_6.shtml
http://www. prepaidtelecomhq.com/canada_7.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/canada.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/centralafrica_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/centralafrica_3.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/centralafrica.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/chad_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/chad_3.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/chad.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/chile_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/chile_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/chile_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/chile_5.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhn.com/chile_6.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/chile_7.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/chile.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/chilecell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/chilecell_2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/chilecell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/china_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/china_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/china_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhqcom/china_5.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/china_6.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/china_7.shtml
My website: http://www_zscomm.com/china.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhqcom/chinacell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/chinacell_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/chinacell_3.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/chinacell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/colombia_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/colombia_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/colombia_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomha.com/colombia_5.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/colombia_6.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/colombia_7.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/colombia.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/bagota.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/bagota_2.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/bagota_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/bagota_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/bagota.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/colombiacell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/colombiacell_2.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/colombiacell_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/colombiacell_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/colombiacell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/congo_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/congo_3.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/congo_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/congo.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/costarica_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/costarica_3.shtrnl http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/costarica_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/costarica_5.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/costarica_6.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/costarica_7.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/costarica.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/costaricacell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/costaricacell_2.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/costaricacell_3. shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/costaricacell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/croatia_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/croatia_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/croatia_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/croatia.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/craotiacell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/craotiacell_2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/croatia-cell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/cuba_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/cuba 3.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/cuba_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/cuba.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecom.hq.com/cvprus_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/cyprus_3.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/cyprus.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/cypruscell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/cypruscell_2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/cypruscell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhqcom/czech_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/czech_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/czech_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/czech_5.shtml My website: http://www.zscomm.com/cezch.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/denmark_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/denmark_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/denmark_4.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/denmark_5.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/denmark.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhqcom/denmarkcell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/denmarkcell_2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/denmarkcell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/djibouti_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/djibouti_3.shtml
My website: http://www.zscornm.com/djibouti.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/dominica_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/dominica_3.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/dominica_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/dominica.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/dominicacell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/dominicacell_2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/dominicacell.him
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/dominicanrep_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/dominicanrep_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/dominicanrep_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/dominicanrep_5.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/dominicanrep_6.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/dominicanrep_7.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/dominicanrep.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ecuador_2.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ecuador_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ecuador_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ecuador_5.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ecuador_6.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ecuador_7.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/ecuador.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ecuadorcell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ecuadorcell_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ecuadorcell_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ecuadorcell_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/ecuadorcell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/egvpt_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/egvpt_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/egvpt_4.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/egypt_5.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/egypt_6.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/egypt.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/egyptcell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/egyptcell_2.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/egyptcell_3.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/egyptcell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/elsalvador_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/elsalvador_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/elsalvador_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/elsalvador_5.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/elsalvador_6.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/elsalvador_7.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/elsalvador.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/elsalvadorcell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/elsalvadorcell_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/elsalvadorcell_3.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/el-salvador-cell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/eritrea.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/eritrea_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/eritrea_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/eritrea_4.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/eritrea_5.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/eritrea.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/estonia_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/estonia_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/estonia_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/estonia.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/estoniacell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/estoniacell_2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/estonia-cell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ethiopia_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ethiopia_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ethiopia_4.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ethiopia_5.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ethiopia_6.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/ethiopia.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ethiopiacell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ethiopiacell_2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/ethiopia-cell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/fijiislands_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/fijiislands_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/fijiislands_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/fijiislands.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/finland_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/finland_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/finland_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/finland.him
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/france_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/france_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/france_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/france_5.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/france_6.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/france_7.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/france.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/francecell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/francecell_2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/francecell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/gabon_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/gabon_3.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/gabon_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/gabon.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/gambia_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/gambia_3.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/gambia_4.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/gambia_5.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/gambia.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/georgia_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/georgia_3.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/georgia_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/georgia.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/georgiacell.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/georgia-cell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/germanv_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/germany_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/germany_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/germany_5.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/germany 6.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/germany_7.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/germany.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/germanycell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/germanycell_2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/germanycell_htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ghana_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ghana_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ghana_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ghana_5.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ghana_6.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/ghana.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ghanacell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ghanacell_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/ghanacell_3.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/ghanacell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/greece_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/greece_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/greece_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/greece_5.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/greece_6.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/greece.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/greececell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/greececell_2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/greececell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/grenada_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/grenada_3.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/grenada_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/grenada.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/quadeloupe_2.shtml http://www prepaidtelecomhq.com/guadeloupe_3.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/guadeloupe.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/guam_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/quam_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/guam_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/guam.him
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/quatemala_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/guatemala_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/guatemala_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/quatemala_5.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/quatemala_6.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/guatemala_7.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/guatemala.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/quatemalacell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/guatemalacell_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/quatemalacell_3.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/guatemalacell_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/guatemala-cell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/quinea_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/guinea_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/quinea_4.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/guinea_5.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/guinea.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/guineacell.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.comlguinea-cell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/quyana_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/guyana_3.shtml
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Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/uruquay.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/uruguay2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/uruguay.htm

Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/uzbekistan2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/uzbekistan.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/venezuela2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/venezuela.htm

Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/caracas.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/caracas_2.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/caracas_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/caracas_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/caracas_5.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/caracas.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/venezuelacell.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/venezuelacell2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/venezuelacell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/vietnam_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/vietnam_2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/vietnam_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/vietnam_5.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/vietnam_6.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/vietnam.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/vietnamcell.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/vietnamcell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/yemen2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/vemen_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/yemen_4.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/yemen_5.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/yemen.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/zaire2.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/zaire.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/zairecell.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/zairecell.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/zambia2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/zambia_3.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/zambia_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/zambia.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/zimbabwe2.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/zimbabwe_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/zimbabwe_4.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/zimbabwe.htm
Infringing webpage: http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/southkorea2.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/southkorea_3.shtml http://www.prepaidtelecomhg.com/southkorea_4.shtml
http://www.prepaidtelecomhq.com/southkorea_5.shtml
My website: http://www.zscomm.com/southkorea.htm

FAQ: Questions and Answers

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Question: What are the DMCA Safe Harbor Provisions?

Answer: In 1998, Congress passed the On-Line Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act (OCILLA) in an effort to protect service providers on the Internet from liability for the activities of its users. Codified as section 512 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), this new law exempts on-line service providers that meet the criteria set forth in the safe harbor provisions from claims of copyright infringement made against them that result from the conduct of their customers. These safe harbor provisions are designed to shelter service providers from the infringing activities of their customers. If a service provider qualifies for the safe harbor exemption, only the individual infringing customer are liable for monetary damages; the service provider's network through which they engaged in the alleged activities is not liable.

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Question: What are the provisions of 17 U.S.C. Section 512(c)(3) & 512(d)(3)?

Answer: Section 512(c)(3) sets out the elements for notification under the DMCA. Subsection A (17 U.S.C. 512(c)(3)(A)) states that to be effective a notification must include: 1) a physical/electronic signature of a person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the infringed right; 2) identification of the copyrighted works claimed to have been infringed; 3) identification of the material that is claimed to be infringing or to be the subject of infringing activity and that is to be removed; 4) information reasonably sufficient to permit the service provider to contact the complaining party (e.g., the address, telephone number, or email address); 5) a statement that the complaining party has a good faith belief that use of the material is not authorized by the copyright owner; and 6) a statement that information in the complaint is accurate and that the complaining party is authorized to act on behalf of the copyright owner. Subsection B (17 U.S.C. 512(c)(3)(B)) states that if the complaining party does not substantially comply with these requirements the notice will not serve as actual notice for the purpose of Section 512.

Section 512(d)(3), which applies to "information location tools" such as search engines and directories, incorporates the above requirements; however, instead of the identification of the allegedly infringing material, the notification must identify the reference or link to the material claimed to be infringing.

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Question: What is copyright infringement? Are there any defenses?

Answer: Infringement occurs whenever someone who is not the copyright holder (or a licensee of the copyright holder) exercises one of the exclusive rights listed above.

The most common defense to an infringement claim is "fair use," a doctrine that allows people to use copyrighted material without permission in certain situations, such as quotations in a book review. To evaluate fair use of copyrighted material, the courts consider four factors:

the purpose and character of the use
the nature of the copyrighted work
the amount and substantiality of copying, and
the market effect.

(17 U.S.C. 107)

The most significant factor in this analysis is the fourth, effect on the market. If a copier's use supplants demand for the original work, then it will be very difficult for him or her to claim fair use. On the other hand, if the use does not compete with the original, for example because it is a parody, criticism, or news report, it is more likely to be permitted as "fair use."

Trademarks are generally subject to fair use in two situations: First, advertisers and other speakers are allowed to use a competitor's trademark when referring to that competitor's product ("nominative use"). Second, the law protects "fair comment," for instance, in parody.

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Question: What kinds of things are copyrightable?

Answer: In order for material to be copyrightable, it must be original and must be in a fixed medium.

Only material that originated with the author can support a copyright. Items from the public domain which appear in a work, as well as work borrowed from others, cannot be the subject of an infringement claim. Also, certain stock material might not be copyrightable, such as footage that indicates a location like the standard shots of San Francisco in Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home. Also exempted are stock characters like the noisy punk rocker who gets the Vulcan death grip in Star Trek IV.

The requirement that works be in a fixed medium leaves out certain forms of expression, most notably choreography and oral performances such as speeches. For instance, if I perform a Klingon death wail in a local park, my performance is not copyrightable. However, if I film the performance, then the film is copyrightable.

Single words and short phrases are generally not protected by copyright, even when the name has been "coined" or newly-created by the mark owner. Logos that include original design elements can be protected under copyright or under trademark. Otherwise, words, phrases and titles may be protected only by trademark, however.

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Question: What rights are protected by copyright law?

Answer: The purpose of copyright law is to encourage creative work by granting a temporary monopoly in an author's original creations. This monopoly takes the form of six rights in areas where the author retains exclusive control. These rights are:

(1) the right of reproduction (i.e., copying),
(2) the right to create derivative works,
(3) the right to distribution,
(4) the right to performance,
(5) the right to display, and
(6) the digital transmission performance right.

The law of copyright protects the first two rights in both private and public contexts, whereas an author can only restrict the last four rights in the public sphere. Claims of infringement must show that the defendant exercised one of these rights. For example, if I create unauthorized videotape copies of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan and distribute them to strangers on the street, then I have infringed both the copyright holder's rights of reproduction and distribution. If I merely re-enact The Wrath of Khan for my family in my home, then I have not infringed on the copyright. Names, ideas and facts are not protected by copyright.

Trademark law, in contrast, is designed to protect consumers from confusion as to the source of goods (as well as to protect the trademark owner's market). To this end, the law gives the owner of a registered trademark the right to use the mark in commerce without confusion. If someone introduces a trademark into the market that is likely to cause confusion, then the newer mark infringes on the older one. The laws of trademark infringement and dilution protect against this likelihood of confusion. Trademark protects names, images and short phrases.

Infringement protects against confusion about the origin of goods. The plaintiff in an infringement suit must show that defendant's use of the mark is likely to cause such a confusion. For instance, if I were an unscrupulous manufacturer, I might attempt to capitalize on the fame of Star Trek by creating a line of 'Spock Activewear.' If consumers could reasonably believe that my activewear was produced or endorsed by the owners of the Spock trademark, then I would be liable for infringement.

The law of trademark dilution protects against confusion concerning the character of a registered trademark. Suppose I created a semi-automatic assault rifle and marketed it as 'The Lt. Uhura 5000.' Even if consumers could not reasonably believe that the Star Trek trademark holders produced this firearm, the trademark holders could claim that my use of their mark harmed the family-oriented character of their mark. I would be liable for dilution.

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Question: Does a copyright owner have to specify the exact materials it alleges are infringing?

Answer: Proper notice under the safe harbor provisions requires the copyright owners to specifically identify the alleged infringing materials, or if the service provider is an "information location tool" such as a search engine, to specifically identify the links to the alleged infringing materials. [512(c)(3)(iii)], [512(d)(3)]. The provisions also require the copyright owners to identify the copyrighted work, or a representative list of the copyrighted works, that is claimed to be infringed. [512(c)(3)(A)(ii)]. Rather than simply sending a letter to the service provider that claims that infringing material exists on their system, these qualifications ensure that service providers are given a reasonable amount of information to locate the infringing materials and to effectively police their networks. [512(c)(3)(A)(iii)], [512(d)(3)].

However, in the recent case of ALS Scan, Inc. v. Remarq Communities, Inc., the court found that the copyright owner did not have to point out all of the infringing material, but only substantially all of the material. The relaxation of this specificity requirement shifts the burden of identifying the material to the service provider, raising the question of the extent to which a service provider must search through its system. OSP customers should note that this situation might encourage OSP's to err on the side of removing allegedly infringing material.

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Question: What are the possible penalties for copyright infringement?

Answer: Under the Copyright Act, penalties for copyright infringement can include:

an injunction against further infringement -- such as an order preventing the infringer from future copying or distribution of the copyrighted works
impounding or destruction of infringing copies
damages -- either actual damages and the infringer's profits, or statutory damages
costs and attorney's fees

A copyright owner can only sue for infringement on a work whose copyright was registered with the Copyright Office, and can get statutory damages and attorney's fees only if the copyright registration was filed before infringement or within three months of first publication. (17 U.S.C. 411 and 412)

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Question: Am I free to copy elements of someone else's website verbatim?

Answer: No. While you are free to report the facts and ideas embodied in another person's article or web page, copyright protects the expression

Calling Card Site Alleges DMCA Violations by Competitor Site

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